Ordering of Sentences

S1. You can make a will as simple as you want.

A. This is because your witness will be called upon to testify in court if the will is ever challenged. B. Lawyers advise people to use witnesses who are younger than they and are likely to outlive them. C. You will need to sign the document in the presence of two witnesses, who will then have to put the signature on it. D. It helps if a doctor is a witness or the document is signed in his presence.

S6. This is because he could be called upon to testify to the stability of your mental condition when you drew up the will.

S1. Getting to Spain is not much of a problem since it is well connected with all major European cities by air.

A. Travelling within the country does not pose much of a problem. B. One can get to Madrid and Barcelona by train, as there are rail services from Milan, Zurich, Geneva, Paris and Lisbon. C. One can also go by car from neighbouring countries, since no visa is required for people coming from the Schengen – area countries. D. From the UK, the best way is to take the Euro Star to Paris and then a train.

S6. There are air taxis, cars and bikes available on rent, buses, special tourist trains and passenger ferries.

S1. The effect of exercise on the immune system is a field of intense research.

A. For example, if patients suffering from recurrent sore throats, the practice of sarvangasana greatly reduces the frequency of infections. B. There is definite evidence that exercise helps better functioning of the immune cells. C. In yoga, regional immunity can be improved because the blood can be flushed into any area. D. This increases the concentration of immunity cells in those areas.

S6. Immunity is also improved by de-stressing of the body and the mind.

S1. The fragile Yugoslav state has an uncertain future.

A. Thus, there will surely be chaos and uncertainty if the people fail to settle their differences. B. Sharp ideological differences already exist in the country. C. Ethnic, regional, linguistic and material disparities are profound. D. The country will also lose the excellent reputation it enjoyed in the international area.

S6. At worst, it will once more become vulnerable to international conspiracy and intrigue.

S1. The new economic policy comprises the various measures and changes introduced since July 1991.

A. There is a common thread running through all these measures. B. The objective is simple – to improve the efficiency of the system. C. The regulatory mechanism involving multitude of controls has fragmented the capacity and reduced competition even in the private sector. D. The thrust of the new policy is towards creating a more competitive environment as a means to improving the productivity and efficiency of the economy.

S6. This is to be activated by removing the barriers and restrictions on the entry and growth of firms.

S1. Commercial energy consumption shows an increasing trend and poses the major challenge for the future.

A. The demand, for petroleum, during 1996 -97 and 2006 -07 is anticipated to be 81 million tonnes and 125 million tonnes respectively. B. According to the projections of the 14th Power Survey Committee Report, the electricity generation requirements from utilities will be about 416 billion units by 1996 – 97 and 824 billion units by 2006 – 07. C. The production of coal should reach 303 million tonnes by 1996 – 97 to achieve plan targets and 460 million tonnes by 2006 – 07. D. The demand for petroleum products has already rapidly outstripped indigenous production.

S6. Electricity is going to play a major role in the development of infrastructural facilities.

S1. Figure skating is primarily a sport of amateurs.

A. For years, the singles competition was judged according to two categories. B. The compulsory – figures category required each skater to perform three or six repetitions of three figures drawn from a possible 41 patterns. C. Contests are held for singles and for pairs. D. The free – skating category judged a skater’s ability to perform jumps, spins, spirals, and skating coordinated with music.

S6. All figures are based on a figure – eight pattern or variations thereof.

S1. Some years ago, I had to regularly deal with an executive who was notorious for being an emotional powder keg.

A. When his spirits were high, he could carry an entire division of staff with his energy and enthusiasm. B. This rampant emotionalism often served him well. C. When things were going his way, he could be incredibly clever, dynamic and generous. D. When things turned sour, he tended to be incredibly argumentative and unyielding.

S6. Obviously, if I wanted something from him, it was important to catch him when he was on roll.

S1. Rain flooded the streets of Cherry Hill, NJ, one day in August.

A. They were away, and he had promised to keep an eye on the place, he crossed the street to check. B. She found an extension cord plugged into a kitchen outlet and leading down the basement stairs. C. By 5 p.m., Norman E. Tooth man was worrying about his neighbours’ basement. D. An hour later, when he had failed to come home, his wife went to the neighbours’ looking for him.

S6. There, lying in an inch of water on the floor beside a sump pump was her husband, dead, electrocuted, the coroner later said, when with wet hands he plugged the cord into the pump.

S1. The case of Susie G. is typical.

A. But when Susie was only 21 months old, her mother left her in the kitchen ‘for just a minute’ to hand up washing outdoors. B. Before she was born, her mother pored over booklets about baby care. C. Later, her mother conscientiously brought her to my office for inoculations and followed my feeding instructions regularly. D. During the ‘minute’. The little tyke climbed on a chair and started a handkerchief through the electric wringer.

S6. The result: three fingers badly crushed, one broken and a hand in splints for weeks.

S1. The researchers examine a psychological advantage that pioneering companies often encounter.

A. But they caution that this advantage must be weighed against the existence of inexpensive local products, underdeveloped communication infrastructure, and cultural fragmentation. B. Customers in emerging markets tend to be strongly loyal to first – mover brands, even after viable alternatives appear. C. First – movers there have the opportunity to seize loyal consumers – if only they can reach them. D. In Myanmar, for example, there is only one television set per hundred people.

S6. The bottom line, according to the study, is that it does not always pay to move first.

 

S1. The effect can be rather indirect.

A. This revenge is not taken on the parents who caused the damage because they are now old or dead. B. This happens in human populations, too, that juveniles are ill – treated in a way that leads to violent revenge. C. Instead, it is taken on parent – substitutes. D. For instance, one of the results of animal overcrowding is that parental care suffers and the young do not receive the usual love and attention.

S6. Violence against these individuals appears senseless.

S1. The flaws in this view are obvious enough to anyone who has studied animal aggression and the way it is organized.

A. Animals fight, but they do not go for war. B. There is a good reason for this. C. In either case, physical combat is reduced to a minimum and disputes are nearly always settled by display, by threat and counter – threat. D. Their fighting is done on a personal basis, either to establish a dominant position in a social hierarchy, or to defend a personal territory.

S6. In the tooth and claw fury of close combat, the ultimate winner is likely to be wounded almost as badly as the loser.

S1. Look at any industry and you will see three kinds of companies.

A. They are the oligarchy B. Next are the rule takers, the companies that pay homage to the industrial “lords.” C. IBM, CBS, United Airlines, Merill Lynch, Sears, Coca – Cola, and the like are the creators and procreators of industrial orthodoxy. D. First are the rule makers, the incumbents that built the industry.

S6. Fujitsu, ABC, US Air, Smith Barney, J.C. Penny and numerous others are peasants.

S1. Rebelling against conventional practice, pop icon Madonna and Hollywood actress Jodie Foster have decided to have children out of wedlock.

A. Their decision – to be single mothers by choice – can, however no longer be viewed as an individual and impulsive act of non – conformism. B. The trend originates from the female sexual revolution that led women to believe that their identity could exist independently of men. C. It points to a social trend, where a growing number of women are choosing to become single mothers. D. After nearly half a century, the message has truly rung home.

S6. Women have begun to marginalize the role of men in their lives.

S1. The train had just left Nagpur. A. The horizon lay interspersed with silken clouds – plain white balls of unblemished cotton. B. It would be some time before it reached Hyderabad, my destination. C. It was as if I was in the midst of a celestial play. D. The deep blue sky spread over the craggy Deccan expanse. S6. The sun was at its playful best.

S1. A few days later I was on an overnight bus to Karimnagar.

A. Birds flew out of their nests for their day’s search. B. The rays of the rising sun had given them a golden orange tone. C. Clouds had a different look. D. Dawn was breaking over the horizon.

S6. The men around me slept, ensconced in their world of dreams.

S1. This is a company that prides itself on its carefully nurtured extensive distribution bricks and mortar network.

A. The company also plans a foray into the service sector by setting up a chain of laundrettes across the country. B. Yet today, pre -cooked chappatis and ready – made mixes are a big market. C. And that’s not all. D. Today the idea may appear a trifle ambitious but remember that it was not so long ago that the same things were said about the market for ready to eat foods and branded cereals.

S6. Disposable incomes are rising in the metros and big cities and time is at a premium.

S1. Venture capital started about 15 years ago with some government backed funds.

A. In India, in the last 4 – 5 years, some US funds have entered. B. US funds like draper and Walden have played an important role in kick-starting the venture capital industry in India. C. Draper in particular played a pioneering role. D. This was the second wave of venture capital.

S6. The third wave is people coming back from the US and moving into venture capital like myself.

S1. Just because the Japanese are having fewer children does not mean there are not plenty of bodies to do the work.

A. All Japan has to do is open the doors a little bit. B. Millions of Chinese would love to work in Japan. C. Another idea is to import a few million considerate males. D. It’s not that Japanese women don’t want children; they don’t want Japanese husbands and the inevitable dreaded mother – in – law that comes with most husbands, since so many young Japanese men are only sons.

S6. In the past, there were many second and third sons who did not carry the mother in law baggage because first sons inherited everything.

S1. Women’s groups in Spain sued a Muslim imam Mohammed Mustafa.

A. The imam says he was not advising men to beat their wives. B. His book ‘Women and Islam’ gives instructions to husbands. C. They accused him of inciting violence towards women. D. He advises, for example, that a beating – administered with a “fine and light” rod – on the feet is better than one around the face because bruises would be less visible.

S6. He wanted to just tell them how to do it as a last resort, and under strict guidelines.

S1. Fire ripped through another oil pipeline in southern Nigeria, killing at least 40 people.

A. The explosion was the third in two weeks. B. Police were deployed to stop villagers from stealing fuel from other pipelines. C. Local politicians have blamed this vandalism on cartels. D. Once the cartels have siphoned off fuel, impoverished locals move in to collect what they can for sale to passing motorists.

S6. But pipelines often explode, and the practice has left about 2,000 people dead in the past 2 years.

S1. Witness the marked contrast between the stability of governments in states ruled by regional parties and those by the national parties.

A. There is no superior authority to whom the dissident MLA can go to with his complaints. B. Invariably, they enforce party discipline with a firm hand. C. It is not that the former leaders are paragons of democratic virtues. D. Yet, they are directly responsible and accountable to the legislators.

S6. Looked at another way, the tendency to control from above is a reflection only of leadership insecurities.

S1. More than 90% of the nation’s primary schools are run by government bodies, and most of them are non – performing institutions.

A. The non – performance of our government schools is the primary reason why the majority of their students complete four or five years of education, and still do not acquire the literacy and numeric skills expected after the first two years of schooling. B. On the literacy front, we will be adding millions of illiterates, or virtual illiterates, from these primary schools every year. C. This is one of the main reasons why 25% of children in the primary school – going age group 6 – 10 years, estimated at 20 million children, are not in school. D. What is the impact of our non – performing primary schools on our students, the educational system and the country as a whole?

S6. Since 40% of our population is illiterate, illiteracy will remain with us well into the next century.

S1. The first thing that strikes you as your Airbus lands at Don Muang Airport is the heat and the humidity.

A. Japanese tour groups, complete with Nike shoes and matching bags; huge contingents from mainland China easily distinguishable with their obsession with Khaki, animated Malaysians, colourful smatterings of Indonesians and Koreans and the rest. B. In Thailand, it is hot and humid, very hot and humid or mild and humid. C. Many a thousand of tourists descending upon a kingdom which must boast the most successful tourism industry in the world. D. Almost as overwhelming is the rush of humanity as you approach the immigration clearance area.

S6. The inclement weather apart. Thailand is overstuffed with cars, choked with auto pollution, and always in a state of flux.

S1. India wants e-commerce transactions across countries to remain duty – free for at least another two three years.

A. The ITA – II aims to reduce tariffs on a range of IT items. B. It will push for this at the World Trade Organization ministerial meet in Seattle later this month. C. India had opposed the ITA – II earlier on the ground that it included certain defence items and consumer electronics not related to IT. D. The government will however, resist pressure to sign the Information Technology Agreement – II at Seattle.

S6. Corporate representatives involved in finalizing India’s stand argue that products covered under ITA – II are not of material export interest.

S1. The Ibn Fadlan Manuscript represents the earliest known eyewitness account of Viking life and society.

A. The manuscript has not, of course, survived intact over that enormous span of time. B. It is an extraordinary document, describing in vivid detail, events which occurred more than a thousand years ago. C. The original manuscript disappeared centuries ago; only partial fragments have been preserved in later sources. D. It has a peculiar history of its own, and one no less remarkable than that of the text itself.

S6. One of these is an Arabic geographical lexicon of the 10th century, and another was discovered.

S1. The study examined how a company’s ability to notice when competitors were reacting to its strategic moves affected its performance.

A. Each team’s performance was evaluated according to its final position relative to its four competitors. B. Competitive decisions were made in several rounds, which allowed each team time to analyse and interpret their rival’s reactions in the study. C. Based on a simulation called Markstrat 2, the study placed five teams in charge of competing companies in a hypothetical durable goods industry. D. In other words, if you know that the competition opened the Y office in response to your opening the X office, will you be more successful?

S6. The authors of the study are professors at North-eastern and Stanford universities.

S1. Galileo challenged the centrality of earth and man in the cosmos.

A. Picasso and other modernists challenged representational art. B. Revolutionaries are subversive, but their goal is not subversion. C. The American colonists challenged the feudal dependencies and inherited privileges in European society. D. Einstein challenged Newtonian physics.

S6. What the defenders of orthodoxy see as subversiveness, the champions of new thinking see as enlightenment.

S1. Identify the 10 or 20 most fundamental beliefs that incumbents on your industry share.

A. But if you check in at 1 a.m. after a gruelling journey, why should you have to check out at the same time. B. Consider the hotel industry’s definition of a day, which begins when you check in and ends at noon, when you must check out. C. Also, there is no need to pay the same amount as the person who arrived at 5 the previous afternoon. D. What new opportunities present them when you relax those beliefs?

S6. If a rental company can manage a fleet of cars on a rotating 24 – hour basis, why can’t a hotel do exactly the same with a fleet of rooms?